I LIKED POLIS. I LKED PEOPLE

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CENTENARY OF THE KILL OF RED ROSA LUXEMBURG

Rosa Luxemburg memorial (Berlin-Tiergarten)

By Vicente Alonso-Fontelos

 

The female PhD, Rosa Luxemburg, received her Doctor of Law degree, officially presented in the spring of 1897 at the University of Zurich.

On January 15, 1919, one hundred years ago, the Social Democrat Friedrich Ebert ordered the nationalist paramilitary militia, the "Free Body" (Freikorps), to destroy the left-wing revolution. Rosa Luxemburg was captured in Berlin, being tortured and killed that same day. Rosa Luxemburg was shot down with rifle butts by several soldiers, four men then shot him in the back, and then shot in the head. His body was released to the Berlin's Landwehr Canal. It was an ignominious end for the famous female PhD and revolutionary.

“Freedom is always and exclusively freedom for the one who thinks differently.”^[1]Paul Levi, her former lover, published in 1922 a pamphlet that she had written criticising the suppression of democracy in the Bolshevik revolution: The Russian Revolution.

“Without general elections, without unrestricted freedom of press and assembly, without a free struggle of opinion, life dies out in every public institution, becomes a mere semblance of life, in which only the bureaucracy remains as the active element. Public life gradually falls asleep, a few dozen party leaders of inexhaustible energy and boundless experience direct and rule. Among them, in reality only a dozen outstanding heads do the leading and an elite of the working class is invited from time to time to meetings where they are to applaud the speeches of the leaders, and to approve proposed resolutions unanimously – at bottom, then, a clique affair – a dictatorship.”[2]

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[1] Rosa Luxemburg. The Russian Revolution, and Leninism or Marxism? The University of Michigan Press. 1961, p. 69.

[2]  Ibid., pp. 71-72.

 

Brexit, the engine and toilets of populism in Europe

Expo 2005 in Aichi, Japan. Toilets with Mozart’s music. On Sunday May 19, 2005. Photography by Vicente Alonso-Fontelos.

By Vicente Alonso-Fontelos.

 

Sixty-one percent of Britons who voted to leave the European Union believe their children will have less than their parents. Fifty years ago, several million British households did not have flushing toilets.

 

What is populism? I like Pierre Rosanvallon’s definition: “Populism is not just an ideology. It is a perverse inversion of the ideals and procedures of democracy.”

 We remember the unforgettable image, of Brexit campaign, of a middle-aged woman, wrapped in in the Union Jack, with her fist raised and spitting poison. And I read in The Daily Telegraph: “One of the reasons we voted Leave is to inoculate ourselves against Europe's toxic brand of populism” (Stanley,15 Dec 2018: 22).

Helmut Dubiel wrote a paper titled, “The Specter of Populism”, in the Berkeley Journal of Sociology (1986): “The popularity of the Falkland war amongst the British public was supposed to have been "populist”. The young Tim Stanley, PhD in Philosophy, didn’t read Berkeley Journal of Sociology at this time, I supposed.  

If European unification was conceived in fear to Europeans’ wars between self. UK have not break off that atavist fear to lose your own sovereignty. But British nationalism have transformed on an unhinged behavior. And this nationalism in angry populism.

Ronald F. Inglehart and Pippa Norris written: “poorer white populations living in inner-city areas with concentrations of immigrants—susceptible to the anti-establishment, nativist, and xenophobic scare-mongering exploited of populist movements, parties, and leaders, blaming ‘Them’ for stripping prosperity, job opportunities, and public services from ‘Us’.  

 

Nativist is key word in depth meaning of Tim Stanley. All nationalists, populists and future neo-fascists do not understand how that process happens through themselves. But the beginning is the same: vaccinate ourselves ... or inoculate us from the others ... Hence the irrational fear of outsiders, who do not share the background, language and habits of the dominant tribe.

Nigel Farage is a populist born, eaten, drunk and educated like a pure Briton. Or is he a pure French? Populism is heroin in vein, and when you want to quit, you're hooked and you will sell your soul for a dose.

On Sunday, October 4, 1936, the black-shirted British Union of Fascists led by Oswald Mosley marched in support of his anti-Semitic policies. The anti-Fascists launched a counterdemonstration, and almost 100 people were arrested in the fighting that followed, dubbed the Battle of Cable Street. […] The sight of Mosley on the streets of London made people aware of what was happening and what could happen if they were allowed to get away with it" (Lewis, 2006: 32).

 

Who would have imagined that the land of the Levellers’ thought, An Agreement of the Free People of England and the Putney Debates, would become the nation of European populism bitterly divided?

 

Rainborough's claimed on 29th October 1647: “I desired that those that had engaged in it [might be included]. For really I think that the poorest he that is in England hath a life to live, as the greatest he; and therefore truly, sir, I think it's clear, that every man that is to live under a government ought first by his own consent to put himself under that government” (Woodhouse, 1951: 53).

 

   Now, the black-shirted are yellow vests. Colors change. New times. Although it seems that the disappearance of British flushing toilets is not in danger. Another issue is toilet paper, mostly from the continent. Populist loo paper, of course. But in the pub discussions between pint and pint of beer, everyone will agree to use or not Times’ torn-up newspaper to wipe British bottoms with the picture of his Majesty: God Save the Queen!

 

References

Dubiel, H., 1986. The Specter of Populism. Berkeley Journal of Sociology, Vol. 31, pp. 79-91.

Inglehart, R. F. & Norris, P., 2016. Trump, Brexit, and the Rise of Populism: Economic have-nots and cultural backlash. Annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia.

Lewis, G., 2006. “International Brigade Medic.” Military History, 23, 2; pg. 32.

Rosanvallon, P., 2008. Counter-Democracy. Politics in an Age of Distrust. New York. Cambridge University Press.

Stanley, T., 15 Dec 2018.  Why you must turn to Twitter if you want a true picture of modern Britain. The Daily Telegraph, London: 22.

Woodhouse, A.S.P. 1951. Puritanism and Liberty. Begin the Army Debates (1647-9) from the Clarke Manuscripts. The University of Chicago Press, p. 53.